Scouring is a wet finishing process that removes natural impurities from cotton fabric - oils, waxes, pectins, and dirt - preparing it for dyeing and further processing.
Why It's Necessary
Raw cotton contains:
- Natural waxes (water-repellent)
- Pectins (binding substances)
- Oils
- Sizing agents (from weaving)
- Dust and dirt
These must be removed for fabric to:
- Absorb water properly
- Accept dye evenly
- Feel soft
The Process
Scouring typically uses:
- Hot water
- Alkaline solution (sodium hydroxide)
- Detergents
- Extended processing time
The fabric is thoroughly cleaned, then rinsed to remove chemicals.
Effect on Absorbency
Unsoured fabric repels water (natural waxes). Proper scouring is essential for towel absorbency.
Insufficient scouring = poor absorbency, even after home washing.
Related Terms
- Greige - Fabric before scouring
- Finishing - Overall process
- Absorbency - What scouring enables